Epistaxis (Nosebleeds) 

Did you know that nosebleeds—medically known as epistaxis—are more common than you may realize? Although they can be scary, most nosebleeds are harmless and easily manageable. Keep reading to find out what causes nosebleeds, how to handle them when they happen, and when you should see a doctor. 

What Is Epistaxis? 

Epistaxis refers to bleeding from the nose, which can occur for various reasons. It can originate from either the front (anterior) or back (posterior) part of the nasal cavity. Anterior nosebleeds are the most common, about 90%, and usually occur when small blood vessels in the front of the nose rupture. Posterior nosebleeds are less common but can be more serious since they involve larger blood vessels. Nosebleeds can happen spontaneously or as a result of various factors.

Prevalence of Nosebleeds 

Approximately 60% of people will experience at least one nosebleed in their lifetime. This statistic highlights how common this condition is across various demographics.


Age Factors

Nosebleeds are most prevalent in specific age groups: 



Gender Differences

Interestingly, males are reported to experience nosebleeds more frequently than females, particularly during childhood. This may be due to various factors, including activity levels and susceptibility to injuries. 

Why Do Nosebleeds Happen? 

Nosebleeds happen when the delicate blood vessels in the nose break and bleed. This can happen for several reasons. While they can be alarming, most nosebleeds are not serious and can often be treated at home. 

Common Causes of Epistaxis 

Here are some of the most common causes of nosebleeds: 


  1. Dry Air: Nosebleeds tend to increase during the winter months due to dry, indoor heating and lower humidity levels. When the nasal membranes of your nose dry out, they can crack and bleed. 
  2. Nasal Irritation: Allergies, colds, or sinus infections can lead to irritation and inflammation in the nasal passages, making them more prone to bleeding. 
  3. Nose Picking: It’s a habit many people have, especially children. Picking the nose can damage delicate blood vessels inside the nostrils. 
  4. Injury: Any bump or hit to the nose—whether from sports or a fall—can cause a nosebleed. 
  5. Medications: Certain medications, particularly blood thinners and anti-inflammatory drugs, can increase the likelihood of bleeding. 
  6. Underlying Health Conditions: In rare cases, frequent nosebleeds could indicate health issues, such as blood clotting disorders or high blood pressure. 

How to Manage a Nosebleed 

If you or someone around you experiences a nosebleed, don’t panic! Here’s a simple step-by-step guide on how to manage it effectively: 


  1. Stay Calm: Nosebleeds can be alarming, but most are not serious. Keeping calm helps reduce anxiety, which raises the blood pressure and can cause the bleeding to worsen. 
  2. Sit Up Straight: Sit upright and lean slightly forward. This position helps prevent blood from flowing down the throat, which can cause nausea or choking. 
  3. Pinch the Nose: Using your thumb and index finger, pinch the soft part of the nose together for about 5-10 minutes without releasing. This applies pressure to the bleeding vessel. 
  4. Apply Ice: Placing an ice pack on the bridge of the nose can help constrict blood vessels and reduce bleeding. 
  5. Seek Medical Attention if Needed: If the bleeding doesn’t stop after 20 minutes, or continues or worsens, seek medical attention. 

Recurrence of Nosebleeds 

About 20% of those who experience one nosebleed may have recurrent episodes. This can be frustrating, but understanding the triggers can help in managing them effectively.

When to Seek Medical Attention 

While most nosebleeds are harmless and can be managed at home, there are certain situations that warrant medical attention: 


  • Frequent nosebleeds that occur more than once a week 
  • Nosebleeds that are difficult to control 
  • Nosebleeds resulting from an injury 
  • Signs of anemia (such as fatigue or weakness) after experiencing multiple nosebleeds 

Preventing Nosebleeds 

To minimize the chances of experiencing epistaxis in the future, consider these preventive measures: 


  • Keep Your Nasal Passages Moist: Use saline nasal sprays or a humidifier to keep your nasal passages hydrated. Applying a nasal moisturizer oil or gel can also be very helpful, especially during the dry winter months. 
  • Avoid Nose Picking: Encourage good habits in children and remind adults to refrain from picking their noses. 
  • Manage Allergies: Treat allergies promptly to reduce nasal irritation. 
  • Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your body hydrated, especially in dry climates. 

Conclusion 

Nosebleeds can be a common hassle, but knowing what causes them and how to handle them can help ease your worries. If you often experience nosebleeds or they become more severe, don’t hesitate to talk to your ear, nose, and throat doctor for advice. 


Taking care of your nose is important for your overall health! If you found this information useful, feel free to share it with friends and family who might need it too! 

Medical Reviewer

Last Review Date: May 2025

Content Reviewer:

  • Dr. Thomas Higgins, MD, MSPH